More About Indonesia

indonesia earhquake

Indonesia is an archipelago located in Southeast Asia. Indonesia has approximately 17,504 islands with a total land area of 1,922,570 km2 and 3,257,483 km2 waters.

An earthquake is a vibration or shock that occurs on the surface of the earth. Ordinary earthquakes caused by the movement of the earth’s crust (plates of the earth).

why Indonesia often experience the earthquake?, Seen geographically, Indonesia was in collision point of three crustal plates are the Eurasian plate, the Pacific and Indian-Australian plate. Because all the plates have their own movement with different directions, causing accumulation of energy that can not be dammed, causing earthquakes.

Several  Indonesia earthquake triggered the tsunami, this is due to the large earthquake forces in excess of 6.5 Richter scale with epicenter in the middle of the ocean. Last, December 26, 2004, Indonesia (exactly off the west coast of Aceh) experienced an earthquake and tsunami waves followed by a swallow thousands of victims.

The following lists  is the earthquake and tsunami that have occurred in Indonesia.

1. Earthquake “The Toba, of North Sumatra”

Toba earthquake is of volcanic earthquakes and classified as the largest earthquake in the history of the earth’s Happening in North Sumatra about 450,000 years ago. Volcanic earthquakes are the result of magma activity, which usually occurs before the volcano erupted. If the higher activeness will cause an explosion that also will cause an earthquake. The earthquake magnitude was estimated about  7-9 MSR.

Embossed effects of this earthquake is the creation of lake toba. The experts think if formerly sumatera a plateau, and lake toba volcanic earthquake occurred due. when there is continuous rain, and the result of volcanic debris that could cause the water is absorbed, so there toba lake like this.

2.  At 1770

This volcanic earthquakes occurred in the bromo mountains-east of Java  magnitude 6-6,8 of Richter Scale and allegedly occurred about 1770 years ago. This earthquake caused the eruption of “Mount Sumeru” in bromo. This volcanic earthquake claimed lives of about 6000 people and spewing dust rain for 4 days covering the entire plain Java middle to eastern Java. The effects of this earthquake is to make Mount Semeru – bromo as the most active mountain in the world until now.

3.  November,  25-1833

This earthquake caused the outbreak of the segment “Sumatra Trench” along the 1000 km in the southeast. The same thing happened on December 26, 2004 earthquake. The earthquake triggered a tsunami then struck the west coast of Sumatra, closest to the area of the epicenter is Pariaman to Bengkulu. The tsunami also caused extensive damage in the Maldives and Sri Lanka. In addition, the tsunami also reached northern Australia, the Bay of Bengal, and Thailand, although in small intensity. This disaster is not well documented, so is not known with certainty the impact and the victim. This earthquake magnitude expected  8,8-9,2 MW.

4. August, 26-27, 1883

When Krakatoa exploded in August 1883, Krakatau off 3 cubic miles of magma that means equal to 1 energy power atomic bombs. The eruption was heard up to thousands of miles away. The explosion shook the whole country the Pacific Ocean, the explosion caused the whole “island krakatau” sunk to the bottom of the sea and drowned more than 100 islands around it. This disaster caused 36,000 deaths, mostly caused by the tsunami. Ash from the explosion of Krakatoa even to New York via Air and Ocean, causing a drop in temperature around the world for a year.

5. September, 20 1899

This earthquake occurred in the ambon city  which killed 3280 lives. and magnitude 7.8 on the Richter scala.

6. February,  2 1938

Earthquakes “Banda Sea” in 1938 occurred in the Banda Sea region on February 1, 1938, and is the largest earthquake to-9 in the 20th century. magnitude 8.5 on the Richter Scale, and caused a tsunami as high as 1.5 meters, but there were no casualties in this incident.

7. August, 14-1968

The earthquake occurred in the north sulawesi, Indonesia. The earthquake was magnitude 7.8 on the Richter scale and claimed 392 lives of people.

8. June, 26 -1976

The earthquake occurred in Papua is a region in eastern Indonesia. According to the data, papua earthquake claimed 9000 lives of people.

9.  August, 19-1977

The earthquake occurred at sunda islands, the island of Java Indonesia. Magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale and killed 2200 casualties.

10. December, 12-1992

Flores earthquake in 1992 and magnitude 7.8 on the Richter scale occurred off the coast at the point of Flores, Indonesia. This earthquake caused a tsunami 36 meters high that destroyed a house on the coast of Flores, and claimed 2100 lives, 500 people missing, 447 people were injured, and 5,000 people displaced. This earthquake destroyed at least 18,000 houses, 113 schools, 90 places of worship, and more than 65 other places. Earthquake affected districts is the Sikka district, District Ngada, Ende regency and East Flores regency.

11. June, 3-1994

The earthquake occurred on 3 June 1994 in Banyuwangi. This earthquake caused a tsunami and killed 200 people lives. The earthquake was magnitude 7.2 on the Richter scale.

12. June, 4-2000

The earthquake occurred in Bengkulu, Sumatra island, Indonesia based on the Indian Ocean (4.7 LS – 102.00 BT), the position of about 100 km southwest of Bengkulu city, at a depth between 0-60 km below sea level and is felt also in various western Indonesian city. This earthquake magnitude 7.3 on the Richter scale and destroyed tens  thousands of buildings and killing 94 people.

13. December, 26 2004

This earthquake occurred in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and parts of North Sumatra. This earthquake to swallow a lot of casualties. according to data from 131,028 people have died and some 37,000 people missing.
The earthquake occurred at 7:58:53 pm. The epicenter is located at longitude 3316 ° N 95,854 ° EKoordinat: 3316 N ° 95,854 ° E about 160 km west of Aceh as deep as 10 kilometers. The earthquake was magnitude 9.3 on the Richter scale and with this is terdahsyat earthquakes within the last 40 years.
The earthquake caused a tsunami that resulted in approximately 230,000 people died in 8 countries. Tsunami waves as high as 30 meters. This disaster is the greatest death throughout history. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Inda, and Thailand is a country with the largest number of deaths.

14. March, 28-2005

Sumatra earthquake occurred at 23:09 pm on March 28, 2005. Earthquake center at 2 ° 04 ’35 “U 97 ° 00′ 58″ N, 30 km below the surface of the Indian Ocean, 200 km west of Sibolga, Sumatra, or 1400 km northwest of Jakarta, about half the distance between the islands of Nias and Simeulue. Seismic records to figure 8.7 on the Richter scale (BMG in Indonesia recorded 8.2) and the vibrations felt through Bangkok, Thailand, about 1,000 km away.
magnitude of 8.7 on the Richter scale, this earthquake is the second largest earthquake in the world since 1964. Immediately after the earthquake, came the warning of the possibility of a tsunami coming that finally did not happen.
The earthquake was likely triggered by a previous earthquake in December 2004, Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004.

15. May, 27-2006

Yogyakarta earthquake is tectonic events strong earthquake that shook Yogyakarta and Central Java. earthquake occurred at about 05.55 pm for 57 seconds. Earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter scale (United States Geological Survey reported 6.2 on the Richter scale). Yogyakarta earthquake claimed lives of 6234 people. In addition to regular physical buildings, the quake also damaged some historical remains such as the Prambanan Temple, the tomb of the kings Imogiri, yogyakarta palace, temple borobudur (mean undamaged) and Kasongan tourist attraction.

16. July, 17- 2006
The earthquake was magnitude 6.8 on the Richter scale off the coast of West Java, Indonesia. Occurred on July 17, 2006 at 8:19 UTC. This earthquake caused a tsunami as high as 2 meters that destroyed a house on the south coast of Java, killing at least 659 people.

17. September, 12-2007
Bengkulu Earthquake is a series of earthquakes that occurred in the Java Trench, off the coast of Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia. This earthquake caused a tsunami warning on the shores of the Indian Ocean, which was later lifted.

at the beginning of earthquake magnitude 8.4 MW or 7.9  on the Richter scale, occurred on September 12, 2007 at 18:10 pm. Epicenter located about 10 km below ground, about 105 km off the coast of Sumatra, or about 600 km from the capital Jakarta. The main quake was followed by a series of aftershocks, the magnitude of about 5 through 6 Mw on the same fault. The main quake was also followed by a tidal wave and flooded at least 300 houses and public buildings in Pagai Island, Mentawai Islands.

18. September, 30-2009
Sumatra earthquakes 7.6 magnitude on the Richter Scale off the coast of West Sumatra, at 17:16:10 pm. This earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra, about 50 km northwest of Padang. The earthquake caused severe damage in several areas such as West Sumatra Padang Pariaman, Padang City, South Coastal District, the City Pariaman, Bukittinggi, City Padangpanjang, Agam District, Solok City, and West Pasaman. According to the volunteer data, at least 1117 people were killed in this earthquake is spread over 3 cities and 4 districts in West Sumatra, were seriously injured casualties reached 1214 people, 1688 people slightly injured, 1 person missing victims. Meanwhile, 135,448 homes damaged, 65,380 houses were damaged, 78,604 lightly damaged homes.

The above list is taken from several sources such as wikipedia, and several other sources. several earthquakes were not recorded accurately so that can not be included into the list. Some data is still confusing but I’ll take based on the most data on the internet fit.